PACKET TRACER ACTIVITY

Activity 1 :

Topology

Objectives

     Part 1: Establish Basic Connections, Access the CLI, and Explore Help

     Part 2: Explore EXEC Modes

     Part 3: Set the Clock

Background

In this activity, you will practice skills necessary for navigating the Cisco IOS, such as different user access modes, various configuration modes, and common commands used on a regular basis. You will also practice accessing the context-sensitive Help by configuring the clock command.

Part 1:     Establish Basic Connections, Access the CLI, and Explore Help

In Part 1 of this activity, you will connect a PC to a switch using a console connection and explore various command modes and Help features.

Step 1:   Connect PC1 to S1 using a console cable.

• Click the Connections icon (the one that looks like a lightning bolt) in the lower left corner of the Packet Tracer window.
• Select the light blue Console cable by clicking it. The mouse pointer will change to what appears to be a connector with a cable dangling from it.
• Click PC1. A window displays an option for an RS-232 connection.
• Drag the other end of the console connection to the S1 switch and click the switch to access the connection list.
• Select the Console port to complete the connection.

Step 2:   Establish a terminal session with S1.

• Click PC1 and then select the Desktop tab.
• Click the Terminal application icon. Verify that the Port Configuration default settings are correct. What is the setting for bits per second?
• Click OK.
• The screen that appears may have several messages displayed. Somewhere on the screen there should be a Press RETURN to get started! message. Press ENTER.

Step 3:   Explore the IOS Help.

• The IOS can provide help for commands depending on the level accessed. The prompt currently displayed is called User EXEC, and the device is waiting for a command. The most basic form of help is to type a question mark (?) at the prompt to display a list of commands. 

          S1> ? 
          Which command begins with the letter ‘C’? 

• At the prompt, type t and then a question mark (?). 

          S1> t? Which commands are displayed? 

• At the prompt, type te and then a question mark (?). 

          S1> te? 

          Which commands are displayed? 

This type of help is known as context-sensitive Help. It provides more information as the commands are expanded.

Part 2:     Explore EXEC Modes

In Part 2 of this activity, you will switch to privileged EXEC mode and issue additional commands.

Step 1:   Enter privileged EXEC mode.

•  At the prompt, type the question mark (?). 

           S1> ? 

           What information is displayed that describes the enable command?

• Type en and press the Tab key. 

          S1> en<Tab>

What displays after pressing the Tab key? 

This is called command completion (or tab completion). When part of a command is typed, the Tab key can be used to complete the partial command. If the characters typed are enough to make the command unique, as in the case of the enable command, the remaining portion of the command is displayed.

What would happen if you typed te<Tab> at the prompt?

• Enter the enable command and press ENTER. How does the prompt change?

• When prompted, type the question mark (?).

          S1# ?

One command starts with the letter ‘C’ in user EXEC mode. How many commands are displayed now that privileged EXEC mode is active? (Hint: you could type c? to list just the commands beginning with ‘C’.)

Step 2:   Enter Global Configuration mode.

• When in privileged EXEC mode, one of the commands starting with the letter ‘C’ is configure. Type either the full command or enough of the command to make it unique. Press the <Tab> key to issue the command and press ENTER.

          S1# configure

          What is the message that is displayed?

• Press Enter to accept the default parameter that is enclosed in brackets [terminal].

          How does the prompt change? 

•  This is called global configuration mode. This mode will be explored further in upcoming activities and labs. For now, return to privileged EXEC mode by typing end, exit, or Ctrl-Z.

          S1(config)# exit

          S1#

Part 3:     Set the Clock

Step 1:   Use the clock command.

• Use the clock command to further explore Help and command syntax. Type show clock at the privileged EXEC prompt.

          S1# show clock

          What information is displayed? What is the year that is displayed?

• Use the context-sensitive Help and the clock command to set the time on the switch to the current time. Enter the command clock and press ENTER.

          S1# clock<ENTER>

         What information is displayed? 

• The “% Incomplete command” message is returned by the IOS. This indicates that the clock command needs more parameters. Any time more information is needed, help can be provided by typing a space after the command and the question mark (?).

         S1# clock ?

         What information is displayed? 

• Set the clock using the clock set command. Proceed through the command one step at a time.

          S1# clock set ?

          What information is being requested? 

What would have been displayed if only the clock set command had been entered, and no request for help was made by using the question mark? 

• Based on the information requested by issuing the clock set ? command, enter a time of 3:00 p.m. by using the 24-hour format of 15:00:00. Check to see if more parameters are needed.

          S1# clock set 15:00:00 ?

          The output returns a request for more information:

          <1-31>  Day of the month

          MONTH   Month of the year

• Attempt to set the date to 01/31/2035 using the format requested. It may be necessary to request additional help using the context-sensitive Help to complete the process. When finished, issue the show clock command to display the clock setting. The resulting command output should display as:

          S1# show clock

          *15:0:4.869 UTC Tue Jan 31 2035

• If you were not successful, try the following command to obtain the output above:

          S1# clock set 15:00:00 31 Jan 2035

Step 2:   Explore additional command messages.

• The IOS provides various outputs for incorrect or incomplete commands. Continue to use the clock command to explore additional messages that may be encountered as you learn to use the IOS.
• Issue the following command and record the messages:

          S1# cl

          What information was returned? 

          S1# clock

          What information was returned? 

          S1# clock set 25:00:00

          What information was returned?

          S1# clock set 15:00:00 32

          What information was returned?

Assessment Result 1

Activity 2 :
Topology

Objectives

     Part 1: Verify the Default Switch Configuration

     Part 2: Configure a Basic Switch Configuration

     Part 3: Configure a MOTD Banner

     Part 4: Save Configuration Files to NVRAM

     Part 5: Configure S2

Background

In this activity, you will perform basic switch configurations. You will secure access to the command-line interface (CLI) and console ports using encrypted and plain text passwords. You will also learn how to configure messages for users logging into the switch. These banners are also used to warn unauthorized users that access is prohibited.

Part 1:     Verify the Default Switch Configuration

Step 1:     Enter privileged EXEC mode.

You can access all switch commands from privileged EXEC mode. However, because many of the privileged commands configure operating parameters, privileged access should be password-protected to prevent unauthorized use.

The privileged EXEC command set includes those commands contained in user EXEC mode, as well as the configure command through which access to the remaining command modes are gained.

• Click S1 and then the CLI tab. Press Enter.
• Enter privileged EXEC mode by entering the enable command:

          Switch> enable

          Switch#

Notice that the prompt changed in the configuration to reflect privileged EXEC mode.

Step 2:     Examine the current switch configuration.

• Enter the show running-config command.

          Switch# show running-config

•  Answer the following questions:

          1)    How many FastEthernet interfaces does the switch have? 

          2)    How many Gigabit Ethernet interfaces does the switch have? 

          3)    What is the range of values shown for the vty lines?

          4)    Which command will display the current contents of non-volatile random-access memory                   (NVRAM)?

          5)   Why does the switch respond with startup-config is not present?

Part 2:     Create a Basic Switch Configuration

Step 1:     Assign a name to a switch.

To configure parameters on a switch, you may be required to move between various configuration modes. Notice how the prompt changes as you navigate through the switch.

      Switch# configure terminal

      Switch(config)# hostname S1

      S1(config)# exit

      S1#

Step 2:     Secure access to the console line.

To secure access to the console line, access config-line mode and set the console password to letmein.

      S1# configure terminal

      Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

      S1(config)# line console 0

      S1(config-line)# password letmein

      S1(config-line)# login

      S1(config-line)# exit

      S1(config)# exit

      %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

      S1#

      Why is the login command required?

Step 3:     Verify that console access is secured.

Exit privileged mode to verify that the console port password is in effect.

      S1# exit

      Switch con0 is now available

      Press RETURN to get started.

      User Access Verification

      Password:

      S1>

Note: If the switch did not prompt you for a password, then you did not configure the login parameter in Step 2.

Step 4:     Secure privileged mode access.

Set the enable password to c1$c0. This password protects access to privileged mode.

Note: The 0 in c1$c0 is a zero, not a capital O. This password will not grade as correct until after you encrypt it in Step 8.

       S1> enable

       S1# configure terminal

       S1(config)# enable password c1$c0

       S1(config)# exit

       %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

       S1#

Step 5:     Verify that privileged mode access is secure.

• Enter the exit command again to log out of the switch.
• Press <Enter> and you will now be asked for a password:

          User Access Verification

          Password:

• The first password is the console password you configured for line con 0. Enter this password to return to user EXEC mode.
• Enter the command to access privileged mode.
• Enter the second password you configured to protect privileged EXEC mode.
• Verify your configurations by examining the contents of the running-configuration file:

           S1# show running-config

Notice how the console and enable passwords are both in plain text. This could pose a security risk if someone is looking over your shoulder.

Step 6:     Configure an encrypted password to secure access to privileged mode.

The enable password should be replaced with the newer encrypted secret password using the enable secret command. Set the enable secret password to itsasecret.

       S1# config t

       S1(config)# enable secret itsasecret

       S1(config)# exit

       S1#

Note: The enable secret password overrides the enable password. If both are configured on the switch, you must enter the enable secret password to enter privileged EXEC mode.

Step 7:     Verify that the enable secret password is added to the configuration file.

• Enter the show running-config command again to verify the new enable secret password is configured.

          Note: You can abbreviate show running-config as 

          S1# show run

• What is displayed for the enable secret password? 
• Why is the enable secret password displayed differently from what we configured?

Step 8:     Encrypt the enable and console passwords.

As you noticed in Step 7, the enable secret password was encrypted, but the enable and console passwords were still in plain text. We will now encrypt these plain text passwords using the service password-encryption command.

       S1# config t

       S1(config)# service password-encryption

       S1(config)# exit

If you configure any more passwords on the switch, will they be displayed in the configuration file as plain text or in encrypted form? Explain.

Part 3:     Configure a MOTD Banner

Step 1:     Configure a message of the day (MOTD) banner.

The Cisco IOS command set includes a feature that allows you to configure messages that anyone logging onto the switch sees. These messages are called message of the day, or MOTD banners. Enclose the banner text in quotations or use a delimiter different from any character appearing in the MOTD string.

      S1# config t

      S1(config)# banner motd "This is a secure system. Authorized Access Only!"

      S1(config)# exit

      %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

      S1#

1)    When will this banner be displayed?

2)    Why should every switch have a MOTD banner?

Part 4:     Save Configuration Files to NVRAM

Step 1:     Verify that the configuration is accurate using the show run command.

Step 2:     Save the configuration file.

You have completed the basic configuration of the switch. Now back up the running configuration file to NVRAM to ensure that the changes made are not lost if the system is rebooted or loses power.

      S1# copy running-config startup-config

      Destination filename [startup-config]?[Enter]

      Building configuration...

      [OK]

What is the shortest, abbreviated version of the copy running-config startup-config command? 

Step 3:     Examine the startup configuration file.

Which command will display the contents of NVRAM? 

Are all the changes that were entered recorded in the file? 

Part 5:     Configure S2

You have completed the configuration on S1. You will now configure S2. If you cannot remember the commands, refer to Parts 1 to 4 for assistance.

Configure S2 with the following parameters:

a.     Name device: S2

b.     Protect access to the console using the letmein password.

c.     Configure an enable password of c1$c0 and an enable secret password of itsasecret.

d.     Configure a message to those logging into the switch with the following message:

Authorized access only. Unauthorized access is prohibited and violators will be prosecuted to the full extent of the law.

e.     Encrypt all plain text passwords.

f.      Ensure that the configuration is correct.

g.     Save the configuration file to avoid loss if the switch is powered down.

Assessment Result 2

Activity 3 :

Topology

Objectives

     Part 1: Verify the Default Router Configuration

     Part 2: Configure and Verify the Initial Router Configuration

     Part 3: Save the Running Configuration File

Background

In this activity, you will perform basic router configurations. You will secure access to the CLI and console port using encrypted and plain text passwords. You will also configure messages for users logging into the router. These banners also warn unauthorized users that access is prohibited. Finally, you will verify and save your running configuration.

Part 1:     Verify the Default Router Configuration

Step 1:     Establish a console connection to R1.

• Choose a Console cable from the available connections.
• Click PCA and select RS 232.
• Click R1 and select Console.Click PCA > Desktop tab > Terminal.
• Click OK and press ENTER. You are now able to configure R1.

Step 2:     Enter privileged mode and examine the current configuration.

You can access all the router commands from privileged EXEC mode. However, because many of the privileged commands configure operating parameters, privileged access should be password-protected to prevent unauthorized use.

• Enter privileged EXEC mode by entering the enable command.

          Router> enable

          Router#

          Notice that the prompt changed in the configuration to reflect privileged EXEC mode.

• Enter the show running-config command:

          Router# show running-config

• Answer the following questions:

          What is the router’s hostname? 

          How many Fast Ethernet interfaces does the Router have? 

          How many Gigabit Ethernet interfaces does the Router have?

          How many Serial interfaces does the router have?

          What is the range of values shown for the vty lines?

• Display the current contents of NVRAM.

          Router# show startup-config

          startup-config is not present

          Why does the router respond with the startup-config is not present message?

Part 2:     Configure and Verify the Initial Router Configuration

To configure parameters on a router, you may be required to move between various configuration modes. Notice how the prompt changes as you navigate through the router.

Step 1:     Configure the initial settings on R1.

Note: If you have difficulty remembering the commands, refer to the content for this topic. The commands are the same as you configured on a switch.

• R1 as the hostname.
• Use the following passwords:

          1)    Console: letmein

          2)    Privileged EXEC, unencrypted: cisco

          3)    Privileged EXEC, encrypted: itsasecret

• Encrypt all plain text passwords.
• Message of the day text: Unauthorized access is strictly prohibited.

Step 2:     Verify the initial settings on R1.

• Verify the initial settings by viewing the configuration for R1. What command do you use?
• Exit the current console session until you see the following message:

          R1 con0 is now available

          Press RETURN to get started.

• Press ENTER; you should see the following message:

          Unauthorized access is strictly prohibited.

          User Access Verification

          Password: 

         Why should every router have a message-of-the-day (MOTD) banner?

        If you are not prompted for a password, what console line command did you forget to configure?

• Enter the passwords necessary to return to privileged EXEC mode.

Why would the enable secret password allow access to the privileged EXEC mode and the enable password no longer be valid?

If you configure any more passwords on the router, are they displayed in the configuration file as plain text or in encrypted form? Explain.

Part 2:     Save the Running Configuration File

Step 1:     Save the configuration file to NVRAM.

• You have configured the initial settings for R1. Now back up the running configuration file to NVRAM to ensure that the changes made are not lost if the system is rebooted or loses power.

          What command did you enter to save the configuration to NVRAM?

          What is the shortest, unambiguous version of this command?

          Which command displays the contents of the NVRAM?

• Verify that all of the parameters configured are recorded. If not, analyze the output and determine which commands were not done or were entered incorrectly. You can also click Check Results in the instruction window.

Step 2:     Optional bonus: Save the startup configuration file to flash.

Although you will be learning more about managing the flash storage in a router in later chapters, you may be interested to know now that —, as an added backup procedure —, you can save your startup configuration file to flash. By default, the router still loads the startup configuration from NVRAM, but if NVRAM becomes corrupt, you can restore the startup configuration by copying it over from flash.

Complete the following steps to save the startup configuration to flash.

• Examine the contents of flash using the show flash command:

          R1# show flash

          How many files are currently stored in flash? 

          Which of these files would you guess is the IOS image?

          Why do you think this file is the IOS image?

• Save the startup configuration file to flash using the following commands:

          R1# copy startup-config flash

          Destination filename [startup-config]

The router prompts to store the file in flash using the name in brackets. If the answer is yes, then press ENTER; if not, type an appropriate name and press ENTER.

• Use the show flash command to verify the startup configuration file is now stored in flash.

Assessment Result 3

Activity 4
Topology

Addressing Table

Objectives

     Part 1: Display Router Information

     Part 2: Configure Router Interfaces

     Part 3: Verify the Configuration

Background

In this activity, you will use various show commands to display the current state of the router. You will then use the Addressing Table to configure router Ethernet interfaces. Finally, you will use commands to verify and test your configurations.

Note: The routers in this activity are partially configured. Some of the configurations are not covered in this course, but are provided to assist you in using verification commands.

Part 1:     Display Router Information

Step 1:     Display interface information on R1.

Note: Click a device and then click the CLI tab to access the command line directly. The console password is cisco. The privileged EXEC password is class.

• Which command displays the statistics for all interfaces configured on a router?
• Which command displays the information about the Serial 0/0/0 interface only?
• Enter the command to display the statistics for the Serial 0/0/0 interface on R1 and answer the following questions:

          1)    What is the IP address configured on R1? 

          2)    What is the bandwidth on the Serial 0/0/0 interface?

• Enter the command to display the statistics for the GigabitEthernet 0/0 interface and answer the following questions:

          1)    What is the IP address on R1? 

          2)    What is the MAC address of the GigabitEthernet 0/0 interface?

          3)    What is the bandwidth on the GigabitEthernet 0/0 interface?

Step 2:     Display a summary list of the interfaces on R1.

• Which command displays a brief summary of the current interfaces, statuses, and IP addresses assigned to them?
• Enter the command on each router and answer the following questions:

          1)    How many serial interfaces are there on R1 and R2?

          2)    How many Ethernet interfaces are there on R1 and R2?

          3)    Are all the Ethernet interfaces on R1 the same? If no, explain the difference(s).

Step 3:     Display the routing table on R1.

• What command displays the content of the routing table?
• Enter the command on R1 and answer the following questions:

          1)    How many connected routes are there (uses the C code)? 

                 Which route is listed? 

         1)    How does a router handle a packet destined for a network that is not listed in the routing table?

Part 2:     Configure Router Interfaces

Step 1:     Configure the GigabitEthernet 0/0 interface on R1.

• Enter the following commands to address and activate the GigabitEthernet 0/0 interface on R1:

          R1(config)# interface gigabitethernet 0/0

          R1(config-if)# ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0

          R1(config-if)# no shutdown

          %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up

         %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up

• It is good practice to configure a description for each interface to help document the network information. Configure an interface description indicating to which device it is connected.

          R1(config-if)# description LAN connection to S1 

• R1 should now be able to ping PC1.

          R1(config-if)# end

          %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

          R1# ping 192.168.10.10

         Type escape sequence to abort.

         Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.10.10, timeout is 2 seconds:

         .!!!!

         Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 0/2/8 ms

Step 2:     Configure the remaining Gigabit Ethernet Interfaces on R1 and R2.

• Use the information in the Addressing Table to finish the interface configurations for R1 and R2. For each interface, do the following:

          1)    Enter the IP address and activate the interface.

          2)    Configure an appropriate description.

• Verify interface configurations.

Step 3:     Back up the configurations to NVRAM.

Save the configuration files on both routers to NVRAM. What command did you use?

Part 3:     Verify the Configuration

Step 1:     Use verification commands to check your interface configurations.

• a.     Use the show ip interface brief command on both R1 and R2 to quickly verify that the interfaces are configured with the correct IP address and active.

How many interfaces on R1 and R2 are configured with IP addresses and in the “up” and “up” state?

What part of the interface configuration is NOT displayed in the command output? 

What commands can you use to verify this part of the configuration?

• Use the show ip route command on both R1 and R2 to view the current routing tables and answer the following questions:

          1)    How many connected routes (uses the C code) do you see on each router? 

          2)    How many EIGRP routes (uses the D code) do you see on each router?

        3)    If the router knows all the routes in the network, then the number of connected routes and dynamically learned routes (EIGRP) should equal the total number of LANs and WANs. How many LANs and WANs are in the topology? 

          4)    Does this number match the number of C and D routes shown in the routing table? 

Note: If your answer is “no”, then you are missing a required configuration. Review the steps in Part 2.

Step 2:     Test end-to-end connectivity across the network.

You should now be able to ping from any PC to any other PC on the network. In addition, you should be able to ping the active interfaces on the routers. For example, the following should tests should be successful:

·         From the command line on PC1, ping PC4.

·         From the command line on R2, ping PC2.

Note: For simplicity in this activity, the switches are not configured; you will not be able to ping them.

Assessment Result 4